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Technical Notes & Papers
Evolving Technology of GEM Magnetometers

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Browse an overview of quantum magnetometers

Technical Notes and Scientific Papers - Magnetometers in Action

Magnetometer technology continues to evolve - reflecting, in part, GEM's contribution to R&D and its specialized focus on quantum magnetometers. Many of these evolutionary methods and technologies are incorporated in our products and made available to our customers on a regular basis.

This page provides a summary of some of Gem's work and may provide you with additional tools for understanding the principles of quantum magnetometers and applications to real-world earth science challenges.

As well, we regularly add technical papers that relate to specific questions from our customers. If you would like to request that we add a technical note on a particular topic, please feel free to contact us.

Papers Related to Proton Precession and Overhauser Magnetometers

Overhauser effect magnetometers were initially commercialized by GEM in the mid-1980s and have advanced since then through various R&D initiatives. The following papers summarize some of the theory and developments in this area.

Papers Related to Potassium Magnetometers

Another class of magnetometer (in addition to conventional and Overhauser effect proton precession magnetometers) are those that utilize electron resonance principles.

Commonly called optically pumped magnetometers, these systems utilize alkali metal vapour to generate precessions based on the Zeeman effect.

Potassium alkali methods offer a number of advantages over other alkali methods, including:

  • Order-of-magnitude higher resolution
  • Lower maintenance costs (i.e. no alignment required)
  • Lower heading errors

The following papers look at some of the specific applications of potassium instruments.

Technical Notes and Press Releases

For specific information related to GEM, please refer to one of the following. Capital letters indicate Technical Notes.

Note that this section is updated on a regular basis so you may want to check this resource periodically.